can collagen peptides cause migraines can collagen peptides cause migraines

Kouguchi T, Ohmori T, Shimizu M, et al. Shigemura Y, Iwasaki Y, Tateno M, et al. 2018 Dec 28;7(1):5. doi: 10.3390/sports7010005. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009789.pub2. View abstract. Clin Exp Dermatol. View abstract. WebCollagen peptides are made by breaking down whole collagen proteins into smaller pieces. 2000;30(2):87-99. Molecules 2021;26(7):2021. Although rare and typically mild, side effects of collagen peptides on skin often take the form of inflammation and skin breakouts or rashes. Unfortunately, our bodies produce about 1% less collagen 1 with each passing year, and we're Accessibility The .gov means its official. However, the likelihood of a headache due to collagen may be minimal in comparison to the many, , like ProT Gold, are easier to digest because the molecules are smaller and easier for your body to break down., Bariatric Surgery Recovery Time: What To Expect & When You Can Get Back to Work, 35 Bariatric-Friendly Snacks To Eat After Surgery, The Pre Gastric Bypass Diet: What To Eat and Drink, How To Shorten Gastric Bypass Recovery Time: 7 Simple Tips. Semin Arthritis Rheum. Dolan E, Dumas A, Keane KM, Bestetti G, Freitas LHM, Gualano B, Kohrt WM, Kelley GA, Pereira RMR, Sale C, Swinton PA. Sports Med. Also, in many cases, the collagen is hydrolyzed. * "It View abstract. Is the ketogenic diet right for autoimmune conditions? One review of the research into collagen supplementation found that using hydrolyzed collagen supplements helps promote joint health and potentially restore some bone density in people with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. WebOne small study found that men who took collagen peptide supplements during a 12-week strength training program saw more increases in muscle mass and strength than those Theres currently 80 approved peptide drugs worldwide. However, such claims do not yet have scientific evidence to support them. View abstract. Koizumi S, Inoue N, Sugihara F, Igase M. Effects of collagen hydrolysates on human brain structure and cognitive function: A pilot clinical study. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC. When applied topically or ingested, products containing collagen peptides signal to your body that it needs to produce more collagen. Nutr Res 2018;57:97-108.View abstract. Effect of dietary supplementation with collagen hydrolysates on bone metabolism of postmenopausal women with low mineral density. Therapeutic Research Faculty 2020. There are also claims that collagen may help prevent skin conditions such as acne. 2020;7:580918. By following these tips, you can help ensure safe use of collagen peptides powder and minimize the risk of side effects or health issues. Enhanced Skin Permeation of Anti-wrinkle Peptides via Molecular Modification. Zdzieblik D, Oesser S, Gollhofer A, Knig D. Improvement of activity-related knee joint discomfort following supplementation of specific collagen peptides. Pressure ulcer healing with a concentrated, fortified, collagen protein hydrolysate supplement: a randomized controlled trial. 2020:1-8. Unfortunately, experts say that the research supporting all of these claims is limited. 2011;35(3):341-8. Guadanhim LRS, Miot HA, Soares JLM, Silva SAM, Leonardi GR, Lopes RD, Bagatin E. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). Others may experience side effects causing issues with the skin or digestive system, among other problems, but the likelihood of this is based largely on the quality of your chosen collagen peptides product. View abstract. The two most commonly proposed benefits of collagen peptides are improved skin health and reduced joint pain. J Dermatolog Treat. There are several potential health benefits that collagen supplements offer. Mood alteration: If you already have any type of mood disorder or imbalance in serotonin, collagen may impact how you feel. One study found that Int Orthop. Theres currently 80 approved peptide drugs worldwide. Background: It also plays a role in joint and bone health. In some individuals, this can trigger the formation of kidney stones. Disclaimer. View abstract. Accessed January 15, 2015. Tajti J, Szok D, Nagy-Grocz G, Tuka B, Petrovics-Balog A, Toldi J, Vecsei L. Curr Med Chem. The participants skin hydration and elasticity also improved significantly. 2014;27(3):113-9. doi: 10.1159/000355523. Moskowitz RW. These chemical ingredients can cause systemic inflammation as well as accumulate within the body, leading to enlarged and clogged pores, and ultimately more breakouts. Yes. This is typically due to Ito N, Seki S, Ueda F. Effects of Composite Supplement Containing Collagen Peptide and Ornithine on Skin Conditions and Plasma IGF-1 Levels-A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. In a small study of 30 participants, half took 16 g of collagen tripeptide for 6 months. Nutrition is a key factor influencing skin health and consequently its appearance. Collagen peptides are popular supplements made from the bones, skin and connective tissue of animals and they have been shown to improve gut Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. 2015;18(12):1340-8. What exactly is the reason collagen can cause a headache? Its always best to speak with your doctor when beginning to take new supplements, particularly in order to avoid adverse interactions with medications. WebCollagen is so big and challenging that we cant absorb it as is when we consume it. View abstract. Oral collagen supplementation for skin aging: A fad or the future? Hakuta A, Yamaguchi Y, Okawa T, Yamamoto S, Sakai Y, Aihara M. Anti-inflammatory effect of collagen tripeptide in atopic dermatitis. There were no statistically significant effects for the other dependent variables (P > 0.05). It is advisable to cautiously watch your collagen intake as excessive consumption often leads to some mild reactions. Oral intake of specific bioactive collagen peptides reduces skin wrinkles and increases dermal matrix synthesis. J Cosmet Dermatol. Evaluation of the Effects of BioCell Collagen, a Novel Cartilage Extract, on Connective Tissue Support and Functional Recovery From Exercise. Therapeutic potential of novel glutamate receptor antagonists in migraine. Reumatismo. One thing that you can look for is a medical grade collagen supplement like ProT Gold., It is still a possibility that you may experience some side effects with any collagen supplement. Taking collagen supplements as a healthcare professional directs is generally safe. 2019;29(5):461-465. Effects of protein supplements on muscle damage, soreness and recovery of muscle function and physical performance: a systematic review. 2017 Nov 2;14(6):706-714. doi: 10.1080/19390211.2017.1310781. Theres currently 80 approved peptide drugs worldwide. Wunsch, A., & Matuschka, K. (2014). Dietary supplements do not improve bone morphology or mechanical properties in young female C57BL/6 mice. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. View abstract. That being said, we want to point out that these side effects are not common. Best overall collagen supplement: Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides. View abstract. Moskowitz RW. Collagen side effects may, for instance, be a result of excessive collagen intake. 2017;16(4):520-526. J Sci Food Agric. A person should always talk to their doctor before starting any new supplements or increasing the use of any existing supplement. As a person ages, their joints start to break down. PMC (2016). Print 2018 Dec 21. Rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, dermatomyositis and scleroderma are autoimmune, connective tissue diseases known to damage collagen. Collagen powder can sometimes have a bad taste but can be blended into a smoothie, while pills have the benefit of being tasteless but are generally large in size. 2018 Apr;15(2):361-370. doi: 10.1007/s13311-018-0616-5. Pre-Bed Casein Protein Supplementation Does Not Enhance Acute Functional Recovery in Physically Active Males and Females When Exercise is Performed in the Morning. Insulin is an example of a peptide drug, which is composed of 51 amino acids. 2004;26(3-4):105-11. 2010;35(6):797-804. Choi SY, Kim WG, Ko EJ, et al. Before Hexsel D, Zague V, Schunck M, Siega C, Camozzato FO, Oesser S. Oral supplementation with specific bioactive collagen peptides improves nail growth and reduces symptoms of brittle nails. When taken by mouth, collagen peptides seem to build up in the skin and cartilage. MeSH The answer is yes., a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, found that people who took collagen-based Peptides can help ease inflammation, repair damaged skin, and even out skin tone. People can consume collagen supplements they purchase from a number of online and local stores, and they can usually find a type that matches their specific dietary needs. Int J Mol Sci. eCollection 2022. Collagen peptide supplements usually come in the form of either powders or pills and are generally considered equally safe and effective for skin care purposes. Heart failure: Could a low sodium diet sometimes do more harm than good? Ingredients such as dyes and synthetic gelatin found in gummy supplements can be difficult to digest, leading to inflammation of the gut. View abstract. Role of collagen hydrolysate in bone and joint disease. Topical application and oral supplementation of peptides in the improvement of skin viscoelasticity and density. Adv Skin Wound Care. Nutrients 2021;13(12):4372. All rights reserved. The Bone Biomarker Response to an Acute Bout of Exercise: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Before Collagen peptides are used as a bioactive ingredient in nutricosmetic products and have been shown in preclinical studies to improve skin barrier function, to induce the synthesis of collagen and hyaluronic acid, and to promote fibroblast growth and migration. 2019;17(3). WebCollagen is a nutritional supplement made from animal or fish materials. Other potential side effects of collagen peptides in individuals with sensitivities or for those using poor quality collagen products include the following: If you are sensitive to the free glutamic acid found in collagen protein, you may experience mild headaches or have difficulty sleeping. J Cosmet Dermatol. Int J Food Sci Nutr. The researchers found that the women taking the calcium and the collagen had lower levels of a protein responsible for breaking down bones in their blood. J Cosmet Dermatol. Knig D, Oesser S, Scharla S, Zdzieblik D, Gollhofer A. pii: E892. View abstract. Br J Nutr. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Collagen peptides (also known as hydrolyzed collagen) are a shorter, broken down version of collagen that is more easily absorbed by your body than regular collagen supplements, and thus more effective. Health Canada. Tak YJ, Kim YJ, Lee JG, et al. Learn more about collagen vs. biotin. After those 8 weeks, the women who took the supplement had higher elasticity and moisture levels. Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. 2022 Dec;52(12):2889-2908. doi: 10.1007/s40279-022-01718-8. Kumar S, Sugihara F, Suzuki K, Inoue N, Venkateswarathirukumara S. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, clinical study on the effectiveness of collagen peptide on osteoarthritis. 2019;29(5):526-531. There is some evidence to suggest that taking collagen supplements may help prevent the deterioration of bone density and strength. Collagen peptide supplements can however lead to dermatological, digestive side, and other side effects, particularly in products with poorly sourced ingredients. Collagen is one of the most plentiful proteins in mammals. Front Nutr. However, these claims do not have backing by scientific research. Most collagen users do not experience any adverse effects when taking a high-quality collagen supplement at the proper dosage. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Many people take collagen supplements to add more collagen to their diet. National Library of Medicine Though this study is promising, more research is necessary to fully determine the positive effects that collagen may have on muscle growth. A 2016 animal study also found that collagen hydrolysate (also called collagen peptides) reduced fat cell size and weight gain in rats. The site is secure. Int J Tissue React. In particular, the spongy cartilage of the joints starts to wear away. As a result, a persons skin begins to lose some of its ability to bounce back into shape, a process that many call elasticity. As this occurs, wrinkles begin to form. 2010;340(5):360-6. Skin dryness and an accelerated fragmentation of the collagen network in the dermis are hallmarks of skin aging. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Collagen supplements are available in the form of tablets, capsules, and powders. Collagen Facility offers easy-to-digest hydrolyzed collagen peptides. Collagen is a protein that our body already produces, so when taking it in a supplement form, you are replenishing your collagen stores with animal-based collagen., Since it is something that your body already recognizes and needs, the risk is relatively minimal and there are few health concerns about how collagen reacts within your body., Now, this isnt to say that there are no side effects, allergy concerns, or risks involved in taking a collagen supplement., Introducing any new supplement into your diet should be done so with the consultation of a medical professional, especially if you are taking prescription medications, are pregnant, or have any underlying health conditions., Every person taking a supplement may have a different reaction when introducing it into their diet. Bone turnover; Collagen; Exercise recovery; Hydrolyzed collagen; Inflammation; Muscle soreness. 2021;20(3):825-834. Bookshelf Although rare and typically mild, side effects of collagen peptides on skin often take the form of inflammation and skin breakouts or rashes. However, its important to ensure you do not have allergies or sensitivities to collagen and that you select a quality product in order to avoid unnecessary side effects. The oral supplementation with collagen peptides is efficacious to improve hallmarks of skin aging. According to a few case studies on using collagen to treat osteoarthritis, when participants were using the collagen supplement, they did report a lower pain level in their Rahimi MD, Hassani P, Kheirkhah MT, Fadardi JS. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Excessive collagen peptides can lead to a deficit in tryptophan, which causes your serotonin levels to lower. Some collage supplements do source from these animals, so when taking them, youre likely to have an allergic reaction of some kind., The question of whether collagen can cause headaches or not is somewhat subjective, but the short answer is yes. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies J Dermatol Sci. From arthritis, to skin health, to post surgery healing, a quality collagen supplement can do wonders for your body. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! 2020:1-6. Kim HY, Lee JD, Lee YH, Seo SW, Lee HS, Kim S, Kim KB. Collagen is a type of structural protein in the body. Before Clifford T, Ventress M, Allerton DM, et al. Collagen supplements have the potential to cause both headaches and migraines., According to a few case studies on using collagen to treat osteoarthritis, when participants were using the collagen supplement, they did report a lower pain level in their joints but among the most commonly reported side effects was a headache from time to time.. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Headache; Diarrhea. View abstract. Many people know collagen for its role in supporting skin health and vitality. "The riskiest side effects of any treatment are usually allergic The question that often arises in the minds of people before consuming it is, Can collagen cause diarrhea? The answer to this Additionally, some people may be allergic to collagen or have an intolerance to it. FOIA Oral collagen supplements also increase skin elasticity, hydration, and dermal collagen density. 2023 Feb;13(2):523-534. doi: 10.1007/s13555-022-00859-y. There is some evidence to suggest that using collagen supplements may help increase muscle mass. The vegan options may not be available everywhere, but many are available online. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Creams have the advantage of providing extra hydration, making them particularly suitable for dry, wrinkled, or aging skin, and they pose even fewer risks than the already rare potential side effects of oral supplements. Undergoing the hydrolyzation process makes collagen easier for the body to absorb. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):11403. Using a double-blind, independent group's design, 24 recreationally active males consumed either 20 g day-1 of CP or a placebo control (CON) for 7 days before and 2 days after performing 150 drop jumps. -CTX and P1NP were unaffected by CP supplementation (P > 0.05). National Library of Medicine If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission Heres our process. J Sports Sci Med. The review also showed that it helped reduce joint pain. Look for companies that get their bones and tissues from cage-free, free-range, and antibiotic-free sources, and avoid formulas with multiple additives. View abstract. Ex vivo experiments demonstrated that collagen peptides induce collagen as well as glycosaminoglycan production, offering a mechanistic explanation for the observed clinical effects. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. The source of the collagen itself should also be a consideration, primarily for those that have a fish or shellfish allergy of any kind. Alcock RD, Shaw GC, Tee N, Welvaert M, Burke LM. 2018;10(1). Careers. To protect collagen stores, doctors recommend you use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher every day, refrain from, Topical creams which include retinoic acid or, Despite the well-known risks of exposure to. 2022 Nov 25;14(23):5027. doi: 10.3390/nu14235027. Main benefits: Provides moisture to the skin and scalp, strengthens the hair follicle, accelerates healing, and nourishes the hair bulb. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Schunck M, Zague V, Oesser S, Proksch E. Dietary Supplementation with Specific Collagen Peptides Has a Body Mass Index-Dependent Beneficial Effect on Cellulite Morphology. Gold M. H. (2007). Nutrients 2018;10(10). Argyrou C, Karlafti E, Lampropoulou-Adamidou K, et al. Type 2: This is present primarily in cartilage and can help promote joint health. 5. 2018 Mar;78(4):411-437. doi: 10.1007/s40265-018-0865-y. Aczl T, Benczik B, gg B, Krtsi T, Urbn P, Bauer W, Gyenesei A, Tuka B, Tajti J, Ferdinandy P, Vcsei L, Blcskei K, Kun J, Helyes Z. J Headache Pain. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted View abstract. Skin rashes. 2019;11(4). In one scoop of peptide powder, you typically get 10 grams of protein and 40 calories, which is not a bad trade-off. Muscle soreness was not significantly different in CP and CON (P = 0.071) but a large effect size was evident at 48 h post-exercise, indicative of lower soreness in the CP group (90.42 45.33 mm vs. CON 125.67 36.50 mm; ES = 2.64). View abstract. Role of collagen hydrolysate in bone and joint disease.Semin Arthritis Rheum 2000;30:87-99. 2013;77(4):691-6. 4 Best Ones and Alternatives, Probiotics for Acne: Do They Work, How to Use Them and More, Try a preventative approach. de Miranda RB, Weimer P, Rossi RC. View abstract. Dressler P, Gehring D, Zdzieblik D, Oesser S, Gollhofer A, Knig D. Improvement of Functional Ankle Properties Following Supplementation with Specific Collagen Peptides in Athletes with Chronic Ankle Instability. Collagen supplements have the potential to cause both headaches and migraines. Effect of Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation With and Without Collagen Peptides on Volumetric and Areal Bone Mineral Density, Bone Geometry and Bone Turnover in Postmenopausal Women With Osteopenia. Zdzieblik D, Oesser S, Knig D. Specific Bioactive Collagen Peptides in Osteopenia and Osteoporosis: Long-Term Observation in Postmenopausal Women. While they're way gentler than retinoids are, they can still cause a rash. They come as powder or capsules. Maia Campos PMBG, Melo MO, Siqueira Csar FC. 2017;24(13):1332-1349. doi: 10.2174/0929867324666170227115019. One amino acid in particular, glutamic acid Looking older: fibroblast collapse and therapeutic implications. The effect of oral collagen peptide supplementation on skin moisture and the dermal collagen network: evidence from an ex vivo model and randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Recent Advances in Pharmacotherapy for Migraine Prevention: From Pathophysiology to New Drugs. The effects of beetroot juice supplementation on indices of muscle damage following eccentric exercise. Sibilla S, Godfrey M, Brewer S, Budh-Raja A, Genovese L. An overview of the beneficial effects of hydrolysed collagen as a nutraceutical on skin properties: Scientific background and clinical studies. Glutamate and Its Receptors as Therapeutic Targets for Migraine. Having high levels of calcium in your blood is also known as hypercalcemia and seems to be more predominantly an issue in women., Too much calcium can also cause some skin rashes and other symptoms overlapping with side effects with collagen., One way to determine if calcium is the cause of your headaches or if taking a collagen supplement is raising your blood calcium levels is to get a blood test for calcium. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Brain Behav. Collagen benefits for skin and hair.*. 2010;65(3):253-7. Lampropoulou-Adamidou K, Karlafti E, Argyrou C, et al. Bauza E, Oberto G, Berghi A, Dal CF, Domloge N. Collagen-like peptide exhibits a remarkable antiwrinkle effect on the skin when topically applied: in vivo study. View abstract. Best food forward: Are algae the future of sustainable nutrition? Glutamate is implicated in cortical spreading depression, trigeminovascular activation, and central sensitization. Here are the 10 Best Fruits That Will Make You Poop better. Collagen supplementation as a complementary therapy for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis: A systematic review. Collagen is concentrated in bones, ligaments, tendons, skin, blood Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. View abstract. Proksch E, Schunck M, Zague V, Segger D, Degwert J, Oesser S. Oral intake of specific bioactive collagen peptides reduces skin wrinkles and increases dermal matrix synthesis. A controlled trial to determine the efficacy of red and near-infrared light treatment in patient satisfaction, reduction of fine lines, wrinkles, skin roughness, and intradermal collagen density increase. Some other known benefits of collagen peptides include: Consuming collagen peptides are good for you insofar as they may offer a variety of health benefits, from improving joint health to improving your skin. View abstract. However, more research is necessary to prove the effects of collagen in supporting heart health. Keywords: The collagen density in the dermis significantly increased and the fragmentation of the dermal collagen network significantly decreased already after 4 weeks of supplementation. Most people can take collagen supplements without Efficacy and Safety of Topical or Oral Hydrolyzed Collagen in Women with Dermatoporosis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Factorial Design Study. Oral Intake of Enzymatically Decomposed AP Collagen Peptides Improves Skin Moisture and Ceramide and Natural Moisturizing Factor Contents in the Stratum Corneum. Collagen supplements may help support skin, hair, and joint health. Epub 2022 Dec 1. Porfrio, E. & Fanaro, G. B. Clifford T, Bell O, West DJ, Howatson G, Stevenson EJ. View abstract. The easiest way to narrow down the absorption rate of a collagen protein is to see if it is hydrolyzed or not., Hydrolyzed or nano hydrolyzed collagen protein supplements, like ProT Gold, are easier to digest because the molecules are smaller and easier for your body to break down.. 2009 Jun;18(6):789-803. doi: 10.1517/13543780902913792. Would you like email updates of new search results? The site is secure. Collagen supplements can help improve skin health. 2007 Aug;6(4):251-7. doi: 10.2174/187152707781387279. However, it is possible to have too much of a good thing., If calcium is the cause of your collagen-related headache problems, then a simple change in collagen supplement dosage may be in order to reduce the likelihood that your collagen can cause headaches., If you are worried about or already are experiencing headaches from your collagen supplements then it is best to consult a medical professional. Subscribe to get special offers, free giveaways, and once-in-a-lifetime deals. For more in-depth resources about vitamins, minerals, and supplements, visit our dedicated hub. Peptides are also used in MeSH Nutrients. Conclusions and Relevance: Preliminary results are promising for the short and long-term use of oral collagen supplements for wound healing and skin aging. 2020;111(3):708-718. Can Collagen Cause Diarrhea? Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. View abstract. eCollection 2022 Aug. Mead M. N. (2008). Collagen is the protein responsible for skin elasticity. WebYes, collagen does make you poop more! Side effects vary depending on which type of collagen supplement you take, but they are generally minor overall. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Similar to vegan options, a person may want to look for a collagen supplement that specifically aims to support the keto diet. Also of note, too much copper intake can make you nauseous and give you gastrointestinal issues. View abstract. Drugs. It's found in our tendons, ligaments, skin, muscles, bones, and blood vesselsand it plays a vital role in maintaining our overall structural integrity. View abstract. These preclinical and clinical observations argue for a strong link between migraine and the glutamatergic system, a link that is important to further characterize in an effort to better understand migraine mechanisms and deliver effective therapies. government site. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. Information from this source is evidence-based and objective, and without commercial influence. They accomplish this by stimulating new collagen growth, in turn reducing wrinkles, boosting skin elasticity, and improving skin hydration. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Webcan collagen supplements cause headaches? A person can also use collagen supplements while following a keto diet plan. Epub 2019 Aug 14. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we: We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness. Curr Med Res Opin. Nutrients 2021;13(7):2454. 2023 Jan;13(1):e2820. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. Urinary Metabolomics in Young Soccer Players after Winter Training Season. A pilot study. However, some of the potential health benefits of collagen supplements include: Some people who take collagen supplements are looking to improve the look and overall health of their skin. Siahaan EA, Agusman, Pangestuti R, Shin KH, Kim SK. Schwartz SR, Park J. Ingestion of BioCell Collagen, a novel hydrolyzed chicken sternal cartilage extract; enhanced blood microcirculation and reduced facial aging signs. 2015;8:29-42. View abstract. View abstract. Migraine pain-relay centers, including the trigeminal ganglion, trigeminal nucleus caudalis, and thalamus, contain glutamate-positive neurons, and glutamate activates the trigeminal nucleus caudalis. A calcium-collagen chelate dietary supplement attenuates bone loss in postmenopausal women with osteopenia: a randomized controlled trial.